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Notes on Nutrition for long term storage
Proteins have two main functions, firstly to promote growth. Secondly they maintain supplies of enzymes, hormones, antibodies to regulate body functions. Proteins are made up of amino acids, approximately twenty act like building blocks. Eight of these are essential, that our bodies cannot do without or synthesis them itself.
Proteins from animal sources contain all essential amino acids. No single vegetable contains all of these and need a combination to provide a complete protein.
Rice / Chickpeas
Corn / Lentils
Corn / Rice
Corn / Beans
Beans / Rice
Rice / Lentils
Pasta (Wheat) / Chickpeas
To achieve a complete amino chain with vegetables; beans, corn and squash need to be used in combination. These are also referred to the three sisters. Corn, beans and squash also complement each other nutritionally. Corn provides carbohydrates, the dried beans are rich in protein, balancing the lack of necessary amino acids found in corn. Finally, squash yields both vitamins from the fruit and healthful, delicious oil from the seeds.
Carbohydrates consist of two types 1) Simple e.g.; sugars and 2) Complex e.g.; starches. Sucrose the most commonly eaten (sugar) have no nutrients and is used mainly for taste and fast energy. Complex carbs are from potato’s wholemeal bread and flour products.
Before being used by the body must be broken down into simple sugars and absorbed through the small intestine. Then used as energy or as a reserve to maintain blood sugar levels, between meals or during exercise.
Apart from providing energy, carbs are needed to metabolize protein, so they can be used for the above functions. To release the energy from carbs the body needs sufficient quantities of vitamins. Everything is connected.
Wheat
10 cups of wheat makes 14 cups of flour
1 Litre = 1 Kilogram
4 cups per 1 litre/kilogram
60 cups per 15 litres/kilograms
60 cups of wheat should make 84 cups of flour or
42 loaves of bread per 15 litre bucket.
Rice
7.4 Pounds dry per Gallon
37.0 Pounds dry per Five Gallon Bucket
16 Cups dry per Gallon
80 Cups dry per 5 Gallons
Prepared Food Yield:
24 2 Cup meals per Gallon
120 2 Cup meals per 5 Gallon Bucket
Single Serving Size Ratio:
1/3 Cup of dry to make 1 Cup of prepared
2/3 Cup of dry to make 2 Cups of prepared
Beans, Great Northern
6.7 Pounds per Gallon
33.5 Pounds per Five Gallon Bucket
16 Cups dry per Gallon
80 Cups dry per 5 Gallons
Prepared Food Yield:
32 2 Cup meals per Gallon
160 2 Cup meals per 5 Gallon Bucket
Single Serving Size Ratio:
1/2 Cup of dry to make 1 Cup of prepared
1 Cup of dry to make 2 Cups of prepared
HEALTHY PINTO BEANS – and PEOPLE
Someone noticed that the people in one remote village (A) on the East coast of Mexico were very healthy, yet the people in another remote village (B) about 70 miles away were not healthy. Their diets were virtually identical: a little fish, their home grown beans, some corn, and a few vegetables. The soil conditions and water available for gardening were virtually identical, and the villagers used similar clay crocks or jugs for storing their harvests.
Another obvious difference between the two villages was that the first one was able to store beans from one harvest to the next, but the poorer villagers often ran out of stored beans, as bean weevils destroyed their dried beans.
The people in village A were healthy and industrious, their children full of energy, with strong limbs and teeth, ran to their tasks and games as healthy children do. Meanwhile, in village B, the people were listless, did less work, and the children all had symptoms of rickets and scurvy.
So what could make such a tremendous difference in the health of people in two neighbouring villages? After considerable study, it turned out there were two things the people of the distant villages were doing differently.
In village A, a watchful villager had noticed that bean weevils had to brace themselves against one bean in order to gnaw through the hard outer shell of another bean. So they only filled their storage crocks three-fourths full, and once a month would shake them. The shaking of the beans would by itself kill the been weevil larvae, and thus their beans would remain unharmed in storage.
Again, in village A, persons long before had noticed that beans were hard to digest, which meant that all of the food value was not being extracted from them. So they added a teaspoon full of wood ashes (lye) to the soaking water for their beans, then rinsed the beans and discarded the soaking water before cooking. The lye altered the state of the lysine in the beans, so the available amino acids were much more readily assimilated by the human digestive tract. It worked: they were healthy.
You are wondering if the researchers took those lessons from Village A back to Village B, and everything turned out just fine, like in a fairy tale, right? Well, they tried, but the B villagers said they had been growing and saving beans for years, they knew what they were doing, and something as simple as shaking their beans was dumb, and they weren’t going to put any wood ashes in their beans. Sounds like the tale of the ant and the grasshopper.
Toxicity
Before they are eaten, the raw bean seeds should be soaked in water for several hours and then boiled for at least ten minutes in new fresh water to degrade a toxic compound – the lectin phytohaemagglutinin – found in the bean which would otherwise cause severe gastric upset. This compound is present in many varieties (and in some other species of bean), but is especially concentrated in red kidney beans and white kidney beans (Cannellini beans). Although in the case of dry beans the ten minutes required to degrade the toxin is much shorter than the hours required to fully cook the beans themselves, outbreaks of poisoning have been associated with the use of slow cookers whose low cooking temperatures may be unable to degrade the toxin. Sprouts of pulses high in haemaglutins should not be eaten. Kidney beans, especially, should not be sprouted.
This is the most commonly used bean used for refried beans (fresh or canned) and in many dishes. Rice and pinto beans served with cornbread or corn tortillas are often a staple meal where there is limited money for meat, as the combination of beans and corn creates all the protein amino acids needed in a meat substitute.When it comes to making chilli, if a bean is added, this is the one typically used, although the kidney bean, black bean, and many others may also be used in other locales.
Mormon Four
1. Wheat
2. Milk Powder
3. Sugar
4. Salt
An alternative is the Kearney Diet of;
Red Wheat
Corn
Pinto Beans
Olive Oil
Salt
A One Year Grub Stake consisted of;
Split Peas
Beans
Flour
Salt
Sugar
Dried Eggs
Cooking Oil
Coffee
Rice
Pepper
Baking Powder
Baking Soda
Yeast
Not really an Australian thing but I was always the Indian when playing cowboys and Indians as a kid, Im still into archery rather than firearms and probably watched way too much of the Grey Bearded Green Beret on Youtube. Ive been trying to go old school in a lot of methodology relating to bushcraft and this has become part of that. I havent worn this pair much just enough to break in and rough up the base material until I can seal the leather as in the links below showing directions on how to seal the souls with rubber. Ive only located the rubber granules and now trying to find a adhesive suitable to make up the rubber compound, Selleys kwick Grip gel being the closest Ive come across and still need to test it out on another piece of leather before using on my moccs.
Sealing leather soles
Lure of the North PDF
leather care cream (clear)
Footskins
https://www.footwearbyfootskins.com/leather-footwear-details.aspx?pi=33
I have always had a fascination with early American history, mainly the early west and the mountain man era. Kit Carson, Jim Bridger, Liver Eating Johnson, John Coulter, Jedidiah Smith, etc. This interest has evolved into black powder shooting and interests in Historical Trekking. Most of the time, I walk around in moccasins. I tend to think I’ve been born in the wrong century.
What interests me about Nessmuk is the era. It was the time of Henry David Thoreau and John Muir, when intellectuals were rediscovering the woods and sharing what they found through their writing.
George Washington Sears writing under the name Nessmuk, wrote several letters to Field and Stream in the mid 1800s on the Adirondack lakes area. He also wrote one of the first bushcraft books in America. His philosophy was on the simplicity of wilderness travel and going as lightweight as possible.
I found three articles through the web on Nessmuks tools and became interested enough to purchase his woodcraft book and collected writings, from Amazon books.
What I found gave me a pleasant surprise. Not so much in terms of bush craft skills but in the way people lived, their expectations of life and the way they perceived the woods around them. Seeing a time in history, through someone else’s eyes due to their writing.I became a Nessmuk fan, and ordered my own versions of the Nessmuk trio of tools.
Nessmuk Articles
http://www.zianet.com/jgray/nessmuk/woodcraft/title_page.html
http://robroy.dyndns.info/books/gws/N.HTM
http://www.oldjimbo.com/Outdoors-Magazine/Nessmuk-and-his-Tools.pdf
Straight hairline runs up the stem till the leaf node then 90 degrees from the node until the next leaf. Pulling apart the stem reveals an inner core.
https://www.gettyimages.com.au/photos/chickweed
https://www.wikihow.com/Identify-Chickweed
I was going to do Bush knots all in one section but trying something different by breaking up post.
Lashings (Pole to Pole)
Square lashing – binds two poles together at a 90 degree angle
Diagonal lashing – braces a rigid structure
Shear lashing – joins two poles together to form legs ie instead of three legged tripod only two legs for a tree less tarp set up.
Round lashing – securing two poles together to form an end join
Tripod Lashing – as name suggests for making a tripod
Hitches (Cordage to Pole)
Truckers Hitch (Improved) – see part 3
Round turn and two half hitches – to secure the end of a rope to a fixed object
Arbour knot or Canadian jam – to conserve cordage instead of lashing. many uses geat knot to know
Buntline hitch – I rarely use this unless I have an eyelet ring to tie off to could be deleted from list, but handy to know
Clove hitch variation constrictor – to end lashings
larks head – beginning of a prusic, net making,
Figure 8 – used for hoisting heavy loads into trees could also use a Bowline
Overhand knot- used as a stopper knot
Evank hitch – see part 3
Timber hitch – I now use this to start lashings
Taut Tarp hitch – see part 3
Knots (cordage to Cordage)
Fishermans – joins two ropes the same size
Bowline – most usefull knot to learn
Sheet bend – joins two ropes of differing or similar sizes
Prusik knot – the first knot I was ever taught in climbing. A slipping lock knot. Can slide if held by the knot but under strain from the standing end will lock up. Used on tarp ridgelines.
Slip knot – snares
Square knot – most basic knot used in daily life
Triline knot – I only use this one for fishing hooks. only knot I used since I was a teen for fishing.
Whipping knot – prevent end of rope from fraying, also used to make flys and bind fishing rod eyes.
Jam knots
Knots used for Setting up a Tarp. If you ask three different people how to set up a a tarp youll get five different answers thats if your lucky. Find what works for you. Youll require an anchor knot, a tensioning knot, and adjustable knot for the guylines and a two other knots for some other tricks I was shown. I like a combination in the links below for setting up an A Frame configuration..They can also be used for a Lean-to and a Plow Point which are the three main ones I tend to use.
My anchor knot has always been an Evank quick release and Ive started using an improved truckers hitch for the tensioning knot as Ive been employing oil skin tarps which are much heavier than nylon. Then the adjustable guy-line hitch which is pretty much a one sided prusic for as the name suggests for tensioning guy lines.
The first trick I was shown was to run another length of paracord underneath the A-frame to use as a hanging system which is where I once again use the Evank followed by the taut Tarp Hitch.I use this line for lights,socks, hats etc.
The Rapid Ridge-line system I carry when I havent had a tarp set up with all the lines pre attached and staged, such as when Im using a day pack with emergency items and a lightweight tarp just in case.
The Sheet bend. I carry and extra length of paracord maybe 3 meters long with the ridge line in case the tress are just a little too far apart. That way I dont need to go into my cordage bag and cut material and its right where I need it to complete the task at hand. I use a Sheetbend to attach the two pieces of cordage.
Lastly Prusic knots are used to tension the tarp to the ridgeline.
Corporals Corner Improved Trucker
Evank
Taut Tarp Hitch
Adjustable Guy line
Rapid Ridgeline
Tarp set up
Sheetbend
prusic Knot
25 knots and variations that Ive found pretty much cover all bushcraft scenarios from setting up tarps to building structures.
Lashings (Pole to Pole)
Square lashing
Diagonal lashing
Shear lashing
Round lashing
Tripod Lashing
Hitches (Cordage to Pole)
Truckers Hitch (Improved)
Round turn and two half hitches
Arbour knot or Canadian jam
Buntline hitch
Clove hitch variation constrictor
larks head
Figure 8
Overhand knot
Round turn and two half hitches
Evank hitch
Timber hitch
Taut Tarp hitch
Knots (cordage to Cordage)
Fishermans
Bowline
Sheet bend
Prusik knot
Slip knot
Square knot
Triline knot
Whipping knot
Grogs knots
Corperals Corner modified trucker
Evank
Taut Tarp hitch
Knots used in Bushcraft are as varied as teachers. Each knot can be as hard or easy to learn depending on how its taught. People learn in different ways. Some by seeing, some by hearing, some by doing. You can show me a knot in your hands and I wont get it, but show me in a diagram and Ill have it in a few minutes.
When I first starting getting back into bushcraft my first excursion was to the Australian Sydney Morakniven Adventure and I couldnt remember how to do a Bowline. This is after using it for many years in both the SES (State Emergency Service) and in Tree Surgery. Knot tying is a perishable skill.
Since then I brought many books on Knot Tying but found most of them had more knots than Ill ever use in bushcraft or were too complicated in how they either told you, or how the knot was tied, or the diagrams were photos making them useless too.
You can make knots as basic or as interesting as you like. Half a dozen knots will let you get away with most things. (If you cant tie knots well , then tie many). With the basic principals, tent pegs can be employed to make use of loops within knots. Such as bowlines and a peg to rap around a tree instead of actually tying a complicated knot.
Bushcraft however is a multi-disciplined activity and Learning the right knots for the right application takes alot out of the guess work, allowing you to form a system approach out of the different disciplines. By knowing which knots apply to a ridgeline, which to guylines and tensioning principles it becomes easier and looking at a book with 200 knots suddenly becomes six knots that can be added to to become a dozen letting the skills you use look more professional and not just making do.
DEF;
A hitch is used for binding cordage to an object. (Rope to pole)
A lashing is the arrangement of rope, used to secure and fasten two or more ploles together in a rigid manner.(pole to Pole)
Knot a fastening made by looping a piece of string, rope, or something similar onitself and tightening. (Rope to Rope)
Research , Knots used by different instructors;
Dave Canterbury, in his book Bushcraft 101 shows the following knots however if you visit his youtube channels with associated teachers youll find many more have been added. Stop knot, slip knot, bowline, larks Head, Jam knot, Truckers Hitch (Now improved truckers hitch on youtube ), Prusik knot, fishermans knot, timber hitch, Clove hitch and Shear lash and Cross lash.
Mors Kochanski, covers the Jam knot, Constrictor, Sheet Bend, Reef, Taut Line Hitch, Figure of eight.
Ray Mears, in his book teaches the Taut Line Hitch, Evenk Siberian hitch,
Paul Kirkly, from Frontier Bushcrafts online course shows.overhand knot/thumb knot, 1)fixed loop, 2) sliding loop, 3)stopper knot, 4)joining two lines. Figure 8 knot as a fixed loop and slidding knot.Hitches; round turn and two half hitches, clone hitch with two methods of tying, one for the end of the anchor and one for the middle of the anchor.and for tarps the evank hitch, taut tarp hitch and the adjustable loop.
Richard Graves Australian Bushcraft handbook, Thumb knot, overhand knot, figure 8, sheet bend, doube sheet bend, corossover sheet bend, reef knot, thief knot , carrick bend, stopper hitch, flemish knot, fishermans knot, overhand fishermans knot, bowline, fishermans eye knot, slip knot, overhand eye knot, flemish eye knot, crabbins hitch, man harness knot, midshipmans hitch, jury knot, bow thong hitch, slippery hitch, clove hitch, boat knot, double boat knot, rolling hitch, timber hitch, halliard hitch, blackwall hitch, noose hitch, catpaw hitch, larks head, cross over larks head, double larks head, tripple larks head, sailers backhand knot, sailors knot, gunners knot, catspaw, kellick hitch, tom fools knot, sheepshank, sheepshank toggled, drum sling, chain knot, double chain knot, twist knot, wall knot, stopper knot, crowning knot, manrope knot, mathew walker, diamond knot, turkshead, shamrock knot, button knot, selvedge, square lashing, diagonal lashing, sheer lashing, not including the splicing and whipping and netting.
Richard Graves Australian Bushcraft handbook
http://www.survivorlibrary.com/library/australian_bushcraft_pdf.pdf
Mors Kochanski knots
http://www.oldjimbo.com/Outdoors-Magazine/Mors-Kochanski-Bush-Knots-a-DVD.pdf
Grogs Animated Knots
https://www.animatedknots.com/
Improved truckers Hitch Corporals Corner
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QoXtFO6neQ
Setting up a Hootchie Australian Bushcraft and Survival
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6jhgm3WX-I
Scout Sources
https://www.scoutresources.org.uk/downloads/knots_knot_notes.pdf
Ill give these guys a plug. After trying to find something to freeze ticks off,all I could locate was wart spray and the containers were too large to actually carry in a pack. These are only 90mm tall, easy to carry. Id recommend having in the bush any where along the East coast of Australia.
